Country is required in AvaTax Customers and set to "US" if not provided in Shipping.
Country is not required for AvaTax Transactions so there is no need US.
Tax Button helps you create customers in AvaTax Exemption Certificate Management.
On a new Customer click the Tax button after filling in Company Name, Code, Email and Shipping Address. This will immediately create a new customer in AvaTax ECM.
Tax Names shows you the name of the Sales Tax for the current Quote, Order, Invoice.
Tax Names is enabled by choosing Use Sales Tax Names in the Customer Prefs screen. This changes the label for sales tax from the word Tax to the name of the selected tax.
Tax Messages are returned by the Tax Button, when clicked, from the original source.
Pictured, a message from AvaTax, adding a Customer, requires a postalCode, aka Zip. BigBusiness connects you directly to the source and sends you the message, unfiltered.
Contact support@business.com if you get stuck interpretting a random Tax Message. Links on the dialogs take to you to the online Solution for the message which can help.